Justia Hawaii Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

Michael and Elizabeth Dailey filed an appeal with the Environmental Court of the First Circuit in July 2022, challenging a 2022 decision by the Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR). The decision involved a seawall allegedly constructed within the conservation district. The BLNR raised jurisdictional issues, citing Act 48 of 2016, which mandates that such appeals be filed directly with the Supreme Court of Hawaii. The Daileys argued that their case involved shoreline setback issues under HRS Chapter 205A, which would allow the environmental court to have jurisdiction.The environmental court dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, stating it did not have the authority to transfer the case to the Supreme Court. The Intermediate Court of Appeals (ICA) affirmed this decision, agreeing that the appeal arose under HRS Chapter 183C and not HRS Chapter 205A Part III, and thus should have been filed directly with the Supreme Court.The Supreme Court of Hawaii reviewed the case and determined that the Daileys' appeal did not involve the HRS Chapter 205A shoreline setback exception. Therefore, the Supreme Court had exclusive appellate jurisdiction. The court also held that the environmental court had the inherent and statutory power to transfer the appeal to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ordered the environmental court to transfer the appeal nunc pro tunc to the date it was originally filed, allowing the appeal to proceed in the Supreme Court under the Hawaii Rules of Appellate Procedure. View "Dailey v. Department of Land and Natural Resources" on Justia Law

A labor union, representing hotel and restaurant employees, challenged the environmental assessments (FEAs) for two condominium hotel projects developed by PACREP LLC and PACREP 2 LLC in Waikiki, Honolulu. The union argued that the FEAs were insufficient under the Hawaii Environmental Policy Act (HEPA) because they failed to discuss the potential use of condo-hotel units as permanent residences and improperly segmented the environmental review process for the two projects.The Circuit Court of the First Circuit ruled in favor of PACREP, granting summary judgment on the grounds that the FEAs were sufficient and the cases were moot because the projects were completed. The court also denied the union's motions for summary judgment, which argued that the environmental review was improperly segmented and that the FEAs were insufficient.The Supreme Court of the State of Hawaii reviewed the case and held that the union's claims were not moot because effective relief in the form of proper environmental review could still be granted. The court also determined that the public interest exception to the mootness doctrine applied. The court found that the environmental review for the two projects was improperly segmented under the double independent utility test, as the development of the second project (2139) was a necessary precedent for the first project (2121).The Supreme Court vacated the circuit court's orders granting summary judgment in favor of PACREP and the City and denying the union's motions for summary judgment. The case was remanded to the circuit court to determine whether the FEAs for the two projects were sufficient in addressing the environmental effects as one combined project and, if not, whether a new environmental assessment or environmental impact statement was required. View "Unite Here! Local 5 v. Pacrep LLC" on Justia Law

The case involves a dispute over the partition of a family-owned oceanside property in West Maui. The property, originally owned by Elizabeth Cockett Robinson, was conveyed to her children and grandchildren. After Elizabeth's passing, the property was held in undivided interests by her five children and their descendants. The property includes four residential structures, three of which are occupied by some family members, while others do not reside there. The families have attempted to subdivide or sell the property for decades without success.The Circuit Court of the Second Circuit initially ordered a partition in kind by subdividing the property into three lots, later amending it to two lots due to regulatory challenges. Eventually, the court ordered the property to be partitioned as a four-unit Condominium Property Regime (CPR), despite objections from some family members who argued that such a partition was not lawful under Hawai'i Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 668.The Supreme Court of the State of Hawai'i reviewed the case, focusing on whether a circuit court can order a partition by CPR under HRS Chapter 668. The court held that partition by CPR is not a lawful form of partition in kind pursuant to HRS Chapter 668. The court emphasized that the purpose of partition is to sever co-ownership ties, which a CPR does not accomplish as it creates new contractual obligations and entanglements among the owners.The Supreme Court vacated the Circuit Court's April 18, 2023 Final Judgment and related orders, remanding the case to the Circuit Court to undo the CPR, partition the property by sale, and hold further proceedings consistent with its opinion. View "Robinson v. Zarko" on Justia Law

In this case, the petitioner, a former employee, sustained a work injury in 1999 and entered into a settlement agreement in 2002, which included a lump sum payment for permanent partial disability and ongoing medical care for his left hip. In 2003, the Director of the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations (DCD) denied further treatment for the petitioner’s low back pain but allowed continued treatment for his left hip. The last payment of compensation was made in 2005.The petitioner applied to reopen his workers' compensation claim in 2017, but the Director denied the application, citing the eight-year statute of limitations under Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS) § 386-89(c). The Labor and Industrial Relations Appeals Board (LIRAB) affirmed the Director’s decision, with a majority opinion stating that the petitioner had the burden of proof to show his application was timely and a concurring opinion stating that the employer had the burden of proof to show the application was untimely.The Intermediate Court of Appeals (ICA) affirmed the LIRAB’s decision, concluding that the petitioner did not provide substantial evidence to support his reopening application and that the claim was properly closed in 2007.The Supreme Court of the State of Hawai‘i held that the eight-year period in HRS § 386-89(c) is a statute of limitations, and thus, the employer has the burden of proof to show that an application for reopening a claim is untimely. The court concluded that the employer met this burden, as the last payment was made in 2005, and the petitioner’s application to reopen was filed nearly twelve years later. The court also affirmed that the workers' compensation case was properly closed in 2007. Consequently, the ICA’s Judgment on Appeal was affirmed. View "Webb v. OSF International, Inc." on Justia Law

In the 2024 general election for State Representative, District 39 in Hawaii, the two candidates were Republican Elijah Pierick and Democrat Corey Rosenlee. The election was primarily conducted by mail, with in-person voting available at voter service centers. The City Clerk of Honolulu was responsible for mailing and receiving ballots, while the State Office of Elections handled the counting. After the election, Pierick received 4,712 votes, and Rosenlee received 4,701 votes, with a vote differential of 11 in favor of Pierick. Rosenlee contested the election results, alleging mistakes in the handling of return identification envelopes and long lines at voter service centers.Rosenlee filed an election contest with the Supreme Court of Hawaii on November 25, 2024. He claimed that the Clerk made mistakes in reviewing signatures on return identification envelopes, only mailing notice of deficiencies, and managing in-person voting lines. He also alleged that the Clerk's actions violated equal protection and due process. The defendants filed motions for dismissal or summary judgment, arguing that no mistakes were made and that Rosenlee failed to provide evidence to support his claims.The Supreme Court of Hawaii reviewed the evidence and found that the Clerk followed the proper procedures for validating signatures on return identification envelopes. The court concluded that Rosenlee did not provide sufficient evidence to prove that any mistakes by the Clerk affected the election results. The court also found that the Clerk provided reasonable notice and opportunity for voters to cure deficiencies in their return identification envelopes. As a result, the court ruled in favor of the defendants and confirmed Pierick's election as State Representative, District 39. The court ordered the Chief Election Officer to deliver the certificate of election to Pierick. View "Rosenlee v. Takahashi " on Justia Law

Randall Hoffman was observed by Officer Warren Tavares of the Hawai‘i State Department of Land and Natural Resources dumping green waste from a trailer on a Kaua‘i roadside. After a verbal exchange and a physical altercation, Hoffman was arrested and charged with assault against a law enforcement officer, resisting arrest, and criminal littering. During the encounter, Hoffman made several statements to Officer Tavares without being Mirandized.The Circuit Court of the Fifth Circuit suppressed all of Hoffman's statements, concluding they were made during custodial interrogation without Miranda warnings. The court found that Officer Tavares's statements were likely to elicit incriminating responses from Hoffman. The State appealed, arguing that the statements were made in response to actions and words normally attendant to arrest and custody.The Intermediate Court of Appeals (ICA) affirmed in part and vacated in part the circuit court's order. The ICA agreed that some of Officer Tavares's statements were likely to elicit incriminating responses and upheld the suppression of Hoffman's statement about being turned away from a county refuse station. However, the ICA ruled that other statements by Hoffman, including his expletive responses and his statement during the scuffle, were voluntary utterances not in response to interrogation.The Supreme Court of the State of Hawai‘i reviewed the case and held that under Article I, Section 10 of the Hawai‘i Constitution, the ultimate inquiry is whether a law enforcement officer knew or should have known that their words or conduct were reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response. The court affirmed the ICA's decision in part, vacated it in part, and remanded the case for further proceedings, holding that some of Hoffman's statements were indeed responses to interrogation and should be suppressed, while others were not. View "State v. Hoffman" on Justia Law

Angelica Joy Daoang lived in a house co-owned by her aunt, Carolina Balanza, and Balanza’s ex-boyfriend, Nicholas Perry. In September 2022, Perry and Balanza obtained restraining orders against each other due to domestic violence, and Perry did not return to the house. On February 16, 2024, Daoang obtained a temporary restraining order (TRO) against Perry following an incident on February 14, 2024, where Perry entered the house through a window, leading to a confrontation with Daoang.The District Court of the Second Circuit dissolved the TRO after a hearing on February 26, 2024. The court found a lack of clear and convincing evidence of harassment as defined by Hawai'i Revised Statutes § 604-10.5. The court determined that there was no evidence of physical harm or threats thereof, and no "course of conduct" that would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional distress. The court also questioned Daoang’s legal right to prevent Perry, a co-owner, from entering the house, ultimately concluding that Daoang was a guest rather than a tenant.The Supreme Court of the State of Hawai'i reviewed the case and affirmed the district court’s decision. The Supreme Court held that the district court did not err in dissolving the TRO, as there was no clear and convincing evidence of harassment under either definition provided by HRS § 604-10.5. The court noted that a single incident does not constitute a "course of conduct" required for harassment. The Supreme Court also provided guidance for handling cases related to domestic violence, emphasizing the importance of considering safety and suggesting alternative legal avenues for resolving conflicts. View "Daoang v. Perry" on Justia Law

Brothers Albert Ian Schweitzer and Shawn Schweitzer sought compensation for wrongful imprisonment under Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 661B, which requires proving "actual innocence." They requested investigative materials from the Hawai‘i County Police Department (HPD) and the County of Hawai‘i Office of the Prosecuting Attorney (CHOPA) to support their claim. HPD and CHOPA refused, citing an ongoing investigation.In 2023, Ian Schweitzer filed a Hawai‘i Rules of Penal Procedure (HRPP) Rule 40 petition to vacate his conviction based on new DNA evidence pointing to another individual. The Circuit Court of the Third Circuit granted the petition, vacating Ian's conviction. Shawn Schweitzer subsequently moved to withdraw his guilty plea, which the court also granted. Both brothers then sought monetary compensation under HRS Chapter 661B, but the Attorney General stated that a finding of "actual innocence" was required.The Schweitzers filed a "Joint Petition for Relief Pursuant to HRS Chapter 661B" in their criminal proceedings, seeking a finding of actual innocence. The Circuit Court instructed them to file a motion to compel HPD to produce the investigative materials. The court granted the motion and directed the Schweitzers to prepare a subpoena. HPD filed a motion to quash the subpoena, which the court denied, leading HPD to file a writ of mandamus with the Supreme Court of Hawai‘i.The Supreme Court of Hawai‘i held that the Circuit Court had no discretion to act on the civil claims in the post-conviction proceeding and should have transferred the claims to a new civil case under HRPP Rule 40(c)(3). The court ordered the Circuit Court to quash the subpoena and transfer the Schweitzers' joint petition to a new civil proceeding, following the procedures prescribed by HRCP Rule 26 and HRS § 661B-2. The court clarified that Brady and UIPA do not apply to civil discovery and that there is no qualified law enforcement investigatory privilege in Hawai‘i. View "Hawai'i Police Department v. Kubota" on Justia Law

Hawaiian Airlines entered into a contract with Boeing, agreeing to indemnify Boeing for any taxes incurred on maintenance supply parts sold to Hawaiian. Boeing did not remit general excise taxes (GET) on these sales, claiming an exemption under Hawai'i Revised Statutes (HRS) § 237-24.9. The Hawai'i Department of Taxation audited Boeing for tax years 2013-2018 and proposed disallowing the exemption. Boeing received a Notice of Proposed Assessment (NOPA) in May 2021, and Hawaiian paid $1,624,482.75 under protest, then filed a lawsuit seeking a declaration that GET was not owed and a refund of its payment.The Tax Appeal Court dismissed the lawsuit, ruling it lacked jurisdiction because there was no "final agency decision" or "actual dispute" at the time of Hawaiian's payment. The court found that the inter-office memorandum, email, and closing letter from the Department did not constitute formal administrative decisions. The Intermediate Court of Appeals (ICA) affirmed the dismissal, citing the need for a formal administrative decision to create an actual dispute under HRS § 40-35.The Supreme Court of Hawai'i reviewed the case and held that a NOPA qualifies as a "formal administrative decision" sufficient to create an actual dispute for HRS § 40-35 jurisdiction purposes. The court found that the NOPA contained a demand and determination of tax liability, thus meeting the requirements set forth in Grace Business Development Corp. v. Kamikawa. The court vacated the tax court's dismissal and the ICA's judgment, remanding the case for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. View "Tax Appeal of Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. v. Department of Taxation" on Justia Law

The City and County of Honolulu and the County of Maui sued several fossil fuel companies, including Aloha Petroleum, Ltd., for climate change-related harms. Aloha sought a defense in these suits from two insurance companies, National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA, and American Home Assurance Company, both subsidiaries of American Insurance Group (AIG). The insurance companies had issued several commercial general liability (CGL) insurance policies to Aloha’s parent company. The case revolves around whether these policies obligate AIG to defend Aloha in the counties’ lawsuits.The United States District Court for the District of Hawai‘i reviewed the case and certified two questions to the Supreme Court of the State of Hawai‘i. The first question asked whether an “accident” includes an insured’s reckless conduct. The second question asked whether greenhouse gases (GHGs) are “pollutants” as defined in the policies’ pollution exclusions. The District Court noted that the counties’ lawsuits allege Aloha acted recklessly by emitting GHGs and misleading the public about the dangers of these emissions.The Supreme Court of the State of Hawai‘i answered both certified questions. The court held that an “accident” includes reckless conduct, aligning with its precedent in Tri-S Corp. v. Western World Ins. Co., which held that recklessness may be an “occurrence.” The court clarified that an “accident” includes conduct where harm was not intended or practically certain. The court also held that GHGs are “pollutants” under the insurance policies’ pollution exclusion clause, as they are “gaseous” “contaminants” that cause “property damage” when released into the atmosphere. The court concluded that the pollution exclusion bars coverage for emitting or misleading the public about emitting GHGs. View "Aloha Petroleum, LTD. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA." on Justia Law